Freytag's Pyramid: A Novelist's Template
Map your story's turning points before you draft. The curve rises to a climax, then falls. Fill each blank in your own words.
The Frame
Dramatic Question - The one question the whole story answers.
Emotional Baseline - What does ordinary feel like here?
The Neutral Line - The ordinary world, your starting equilibrium. It's the axis every stage is measured against: above it the character gains ground, below it they lose it. In this tragic shape the curve ends below the line, and the distance from your Exposition to your Catastrophe is the size of the fall.
The Reversal - Is the turn a choice, a consequence, or an irony?
Recognition - When does the character see the truth about themselves?
The Eight Stages
1. Exposition - The World Before It Breaks
The ordinary state. Establish what there is to lose.
What happens: The turn:
2. Exciting Force - The Balance Breaks
The event that ends the ordinary state.
What happens: The turn:
3. Rising Action - The Ascent
The character gains ground and gets what they wanted.
What happens: The turn:
4. Climax - The Turn
The peak, and the exact moment it reverses.
What happens: The turn:
5. Tragic Force - The Point of No Return
The first fall, and the one that makes the ending inevitable.
What happens: The turn:
6. Falling Action - The Collapse
Consequences play out. The character drops below the baseline.
What happens: The turn:
7. Final Suspense - The False Hope
A last glimmer of escape that isn't real.
What happens: The turn:
8. Catastrophe - The Fall
The ending. Show the changed world.
What happens: The turn:
Check
Does the ending sit below the baseline?
Is the reversal earned, not luck?
Could you cut any stage without the arc collapsing?



